Anniversary of the Mexican Revolution

Movements are characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist, populist and agrarian.

CT STAFF

The Mexican Revolution was an armed conflict, which began on November 20, 1910 with an uprising led by Francisco I. Autocratic President Madero against Porfirio Diaz. Movements are characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist, populist and agrarian. Although in principle it was a struggle against the established order, eventually became a civil war is often seen as the political and social event of the twentieth century in Mexico.

The history of conflict dating back to the situation in Mexico under the Porfiriato. Since 1876, General Porfirio Diaz led Oaxacan exercise of power in the country in a dictatorial. This went on for 34 years, during which Mexico experienced remarkable economic growth and political stability. These achievements were made with high economic and social costs, they paid less privileged strata of society and political opposition to the Diaz regime. During the first decade of the twentieth century several crises erupted in various areas of national life, reflecting the growing dissatisfaction of some sectors with the Porfiriato.

When Diaz said in an interview that he would retire at the end of his term without seeking re-election, the political situation began to stir. The opposition claimed the government relevant to the position expressed by Diaz. In this context, Francisco I. Madero made several tours in the country to form a political party to elect their candidates in a national assembly and compete in elections. Diaz launched a new bid for the presidency and Madero was arrested in San Luis Potosi for sedition. During his stay in prison were held the elections that gave the victory to Diaz.

Madero escaped from state prison and fled to the United States. From San Antonio proclaimed the Plan de San Luis, who called to take up arms against the government of Diaz on November 20, 1910. The armed conflict in the first instance took place north of the country and later spread to other parts of the country. Once the rebels occupied Ciudad Juarez (Chihuahua), Porfirio Díaz resigned and went into exile in France.

In 1911 elections were held where Madero was elected. Since the beginning of his mandate had differences with other revolutionary leaders, which led to the rise of Emiliano Zapata and Pascual Orozco against the Madero government. In 1913 a counterrevolutionary movement led by Felix Diaz and Bernardo Reyes Huerta led a coup. The military uprising, known as the Ten Tragic Days, ended with the murder of Madero, his brother Gustavo and Vice President Pino Suarez. Huerta became president, which caused the reaction of several revolutionary leaders such as Francisco Villa and Venustiano Carranza. After just over a year of struggle, and after the U.S. occupation of Veracruz, Huerta resigned the presidency and fled the country.

From that event deepened the differences between the factions that had fought against Huerta, triggering new conflicts. Carranza, head of the revolution under the Plan of Guadalupe, called on all forces to the Convention of Aguascalientes to name a single leader. At that meeting, Gutierrez was appointed president, but hostilities resumed when Carranza ignored the agreement. After defeating the Convention, the Constitutionalists were able to begin work on drafting a new constitution and bring Carranza as president in 1917.

Factional fighting was far from over. In the rearrangement of the main forces were killed revolutionary leaders: Zapata in 1919, Carranza in 1920, Villa in 1923, Obregón in 1928.There is currently no consensus on when it ended the revolutionary process. Some sources place it in the year 1917, with the proclamation of the Mexican Constitution, some others in 1920 under the presidency of Adolfo de la Huerta and 1924 with that of Plutarco Elias Calles. There are even some who claim that the process is continued until the 1940’s.